SciPy uses the following definition of the unnormalized DCT-I Two parameters of the dct/idctįunction calls allow setting the DCT type and coefficient normalization.įor a single dimension array x, dct(x, norm=’ortho’) is equal to InĪddition, the DCT coefficients can be normalized differently (for most types, Refers to DCT type 2, and “the” Inverse DCT generally refers to DCT type 3. However, only the first 4 types are implemented in scipy. SciPy provides a DCT with the function dct and a corresponding IDCT zeros (( N, N )) > xf = 1 > xf = 1 > Z = ifftn ( xf ) > ax3. zeros (( N, N )) > xf = 1 > xf = 1 > Z = ifftn ( xf ) > ax2. zeros (( N, N )) > xf = 1 > xf = 1 > Z = ifftn ( xf ) > ax1. subplots ( 2, 3, sharex = 'col', sharey = 'row' ) > xf = np. > from scipy.fft import ifftn > import matplotlib.pyplot as plt > import matplotlib.cm as cm > import numpy as np > N = 30 > f, (( ax1, ax2, ax3 ), ( ax4, ax5, a圆 )) = plt. The corresponding function irfft calculates the IFFT of the FFT Property, they are their own complex conjugate. \(Re(y) + 0j\) are restricted to be purely real since, by the hermitian Remaining negative frequency components are implied by the Hermitian symmetry of The function rfft calculates the FFT of a real sequence and outputs theĬomplex FFT coefficients \(y\) for only half of the frequency range. pi * x ) > yf = fft ( y ) > xf = fftfreq ( N, T ) > xf = fftshift ( xf ) > yplot = fftshift ( yf ) > import matplotlib.pyplot as plt > plt. linspace ( 0.0, N * T, N, endpoint = False ) > y = np. > from scipy.fft import fft, fftfreq, fftshift > import numpy as np > # number of signal points > N = 400 > # sample spacing > T = 1.0 / 800.0 > x = np. The example below uses a Blackman window from scipy.signalĪnd shows the effect of windowing (the zero component of the FFT has been Windowing the signal with a dedicated window function helps mitigate This convolution is the cause of an effect called spectral leakage (see Spectrum with the window function spectrum, being of form \(\sin(x)/x\). The spectral domain this multiplication becomes convolution of the signal This truncation can be modeledĪs multiplication of an infinite signal with a rectangular window function. The FFT input signal is inherently truncated. pi * x ) > yf = fft ( y ) > xf = fftfreq ( N, T ) > import matplotlib.pyplot as plt > plt. ![]() > from scipy.fft import fft, fftfreq > import numpy as np > # Number of sample points > N = 600 > # sample spacing > T = 1.0 / 800.0 > x = np. The FFT y of length \(N\) of the length- \(N\) sequence x is ![]() Fast Fourier transforms # 1-D discrete Fourier transforms # provide an accessible introduction toįourier analysis and its applications. Known to Gauss (1805) and was brought to light in its current form by CooleyĪnd Tukey. The DFT hasīecome a mainstay of numerical computing in part because of a very fastĪlgorithm for computing it, called the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which was The function and its Fourier transform are replaced with discretizedĬounterparts, it is called the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Fourier analysis is a method for expressing a function as a sum of periodicĬomponents, and for recovering the signal from those components.
0 Comments
![]() ![]() Serato DJ key analysis is developed by Serato.View this info in any other music software that supports ID3 tags. Display Camelot, Open Key, Musical Key notation or Original Tag (what’s already in your files). Choose one format to display key for all your tracks, whether analysed in Serato DJ or elsewhere.Coloured key display in the Serato DJ library for quick and easy recognition and key matching.Organize your Serato DJ library by key.Analyse the root key of your tracks in the Serato DJ Offline Player, a free download.Serato DJ 1.8 will be available end of October. We’re happy to be making this option available for DJs wanting to customize their workflow – especially with the number of new features in the software.Īs well as this update, Pitch ‘n Time DJ users will be happy to see an update to this expansion pack with some powerful new key shifting and sync features – this is something uniquely Serato and something we’re exciting to see DJs experiment with!” Hardware remapping is a common request from the community. “Serato DJ continues to move forward and 1.8 adds another important feature for professionals with in-built key detection and display, giving DJs even more tools to craft perfect mixes. Serato DJ 1.8 will be a free update for all DJs with supported Serato DJ hardware or licenses.Īll previous Serato DJ trials will be reset on release, giving Serato DJ Intro users another 14 day trial period to test out these new features. This update adds key detection and display, an update to Pitch ‘n Time DJ allowing key shifting and key sync, user hardware remapping as well as a number of important performance and stability updates. Serato announces Serato DJ 1.8, the next major software update for Serato DJs. SERATO ADDS KEY DETECTION, KEY SHIFTING & MORE TO SERATO DJ. Say hello to key detection and hardware remapping. ![]() And the freshly laid Serato DJ 1.8 might just cause enough of a diversion to stop an immediate migration. At a time when a rekordbox shaped spanner was thrown into the Serato egg basket, it’s clear that they need to pull a very fat rabbit out of their hat to stop their fans looking at Pioneer DJ’s new software shiny. ![]() ![]() A curving stairway will connect this storefront space to the concourse below and mezzanine above. To isolate visitor traffic from the office tenants at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, a separate ground-floor entrance will be created on 50th Street. The architect is Michael Gabellini of Gabellini Associates. Seeing the revenue potential in restoring the observation roof and packaging it with other Rockefeller Center attractions like the skating rink, the NBC Studios and Radio City Music Hall, Tishman Speyer started planning Top of the Rock in the summer of 2001. "I get that request every few hours," said Daniela Galli, the concierge for Rockefeller Center, who works at the main information desk in the lobby of 30 Rock, formerly the RCA Building, now the G.E. In any case, it is fondly enough remembered or eagerly enough imagined that visitors to Rockefeller Center have never stopped asking after it. Its lower elevation also gave visitors the appealing sense of being suspended among the pinnacles of the skyline, rather than above them. Never as heavily trafficked as the Empire State observatory, the Rockefeller Center rooftop felt more like a sanctuary than a tourist attraction. "It will be a great place to view the Empire State Building," she said. Ruth, the director of public relations for the building, welcomed the prospect of a reopened observation roof at Rockefeller Center. The Empire State Building observation deck, 200 feet higher and $1 cheaper, drew about 3.5 million visitors last year. Tishman Speyer expects that the revamped observation roof - now styled Top of the Rock - will draw two million visitors a year, or 20 times as many as it did in 1986 when it was closed to accommodate an expansion of the Rainbow Room. Even during the snowstorm on Tuesday, there was a majesty to this place, lost in a howling whiteness through which Midtown's familiar spires and plateaus were recognizable only as ghostly gray shadows. Near the northern horizon, the Tappan Zee Bridge can be glimpsed at a turn in the Hudson River. Charles de Gaulle surveyed New York from this spot, asking a French-speaking "Centerette" guide to point out Harlem, Central Park, Fifth Avenue and Coney Island.Ĭoney Island is still visible, marked on the southern horizon by the T-shaped profile of the Parachute Jump. In July 1944, on a triumphal visit as the tide of World War II was changing, Gen. ![]() Escalators will take them higher yet, to outdoor terraces on the 69th floor, shielded from the wind by new eight-and-a-half-foot-high glass barriers.īut the 70th-floor summit, 850 feet above the street, will still be completely open to the elements, commanding a 360-degree perspective interrupted only by an 18-foot sphere at the west end that houses weather-watching radar apparatus.įrom this spot in May 1936, New Yorkers witnessed the arrival of the dirigible Hindenburg after its 60-hour voyage from Germany, at the outset of regular trans-Atlantic service that would end a year later with the Hindenburg's destruction. Then visitors will board elevators with glass ceilings and watch the ascent along illuminated shafts to the 67th floor, where they will find indoor observation areas. Their few minutes of waiting can be spent viewing exhibits that trace the history and construction of the center, including documentary films, photographs and an original wooden model on which 30 Rock stands more than eight feet tall. Visitors will know in advance what time they will be admitted. "We want tourists to experience Rockefeller Center in an extraordinary way from the moment they arrive." "We don't want this experience to be just about the view," said Rob Speyer, a senior managing director of Tishman Speyer Properties, co-owners of Rockefeller Center with the Crown family of Chicago. Having closed as New York City's third highest observatory in May 1986, it will return as the second highest, through a circumstance that could not have been imagined then.Īnd it will return with a few extra features. The observation roof atop 30 Rockefeller Plaza is going to reopen after a $75 million revamping. (Try $14.) Those giant letters on the parapet now read "GE" instead of "RCA." And few New Yorkers will be able to look at the double void on the downtown horizon - just above the Grace Building, slightly to the right of Empire State - without remembering keenly what is not there.īut when the blanket of Central Park reddens this fall, there will be a familiar vantage from which to take it in. The $3.50 admission charge is a thing of the past. Deck chairs will no longer await visitors as if this were a front porch in the sky. ![]() Frodo becomes enchanted by the spirits living in the waters of the marsh and falls in. Frodo and Sam traverse the Dead Marshes, passing the undead fallen warriors of the Second Age who haunt the marshes. They are aided by Treebeard the oldest of the tree-like creatures, the Ents, who takes them to the one he calls the white wizard, whom Merry & Pippin assume to be Saruman we leave them looking up at him. Merry and Pippin flee into the forest, pursued by the orc who previously attacked them. An argument ensues and the Uruk-hai slaughter one of the orcs for food. The Moria orcs want to slaughter the hobbits and eat them, over the objections of the Uruk-hai leader. In flashback, we see Merry & Pippin held captive as the Uruk-hai argue with a group of Moria orcs that have joined them. Upon arriving at the battle site, Aragorn uses his tracking skills and finds hobbit tracks that lead into Fangorn. Éomer later encounters Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli and in turn tells Aragorn there were no survivors of the Orc/Uruk-hai slaughter. During the battle, Merry and Pippin narrowly escape their captors by fleeing into the nearby Fangorn forest. Éomer and his Rohirrim ambush and kill all of the Orcs and Uruk-hai holding the two Hobbits captive at nightfall. Gríma banishes Éomer for undermining his authority and Éomer sets forth to gather the remaining loyal men of Rohan's fierce cavalry, the Rohirrim, throughout the land. Théoden's nephew Éomer interrogates Gríma, angrily realizing he has lustful eyes for Éomer's sister Éowyn and that he is now an agent of Saruman. Orcs and Wild Men of Dunland incited by Saruman freely roam the land, marauding and killing, including the king's only son Théodred. ![]() In the kingdom of Rohan, home of the horse lords, King Théoden is mentally and physically weak due to the enchantments of his steward, Gríma Wormtongue, who is secretly in the service of Saruman. Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli are in pursuit, following three days of running, Legolas surmises the Hobbits are being taken to Isengard, where Saruman is marshaling his Uruk-hai forces to do the bidding of Sauron. In Rohan, the pack of Uruk-hai run across the grassy landscape with their captives Merry and Pippin. In need of a guide, Frodo removes the rope from Gollum's neck and persuades him to lead them to the Black Gate of Mordor. ![]() Sam distrusts Gollum and wishes to abandon him, but Frodo understands the burden of the creature and takes pity on him. Gollum howls and moans that the rope burns his skin, prompting Sam to complain that Gollum's wailing will draw the attention of orcs or others. The Hobbits subdue and bind him with Sam's Elven rope given to him by the Elven elder Galadriel in Lórien. Soon they are attacked by the ring-possessed Gollum wishing to retrieve "his precious" from the ones he thinks stole it from him. The moment they hit the water of an underground lake, Frodo awakens from his dream and continues his journey with his trusted and loyal friend, Sam through the rocky region of Emyn Muil, where they become lost. The story opens with a flashback to the first film, with Gandalf battling the Balrog on the Bridge of Khazad-dûm, but this time continues from Gandalf's perspective, with the scene continuing to follow both as they hurtle into the abyss below, fighting while in free-fall. One of the Ring's original bearers, the creature Gollum, has tracked Frodo and Sam down in search of his "precious", but is captured by the Hobbits and used as a way to lead them to Mt. The rebellion against Sauron is building up and will be led by Gandalf the White, who was thought to be dead after the Balrog captured him. The corrupt wizard Saruman, under the power of the Dark Lord Sauron, and his slimy assistant, Gríma Wormtongue, have created a grand Uruk-hai army bent on the destruction of Man and Middle-earth. The two towers between Mordor and Isengard, Barad-dûr and Orthanc, have united in their lust for destruction. ![]() Boromir is dead, Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee have gone to Mordor alone to destroy the One Ring, Merry and Pippin have been captured by the Uruk-hai, and Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli have made friends of the Rohan, a race of humans that are in the path of the upcoming war, led by its aging King, Théoden. ![]() ![]() The game was developed by South East Games and created by Matt Carr and Shane Carr. For example, if you want to get Paint the Town Red Steam key and activate it on Steam, pick the shop that has a Steam icon. You will find this information on the game card in the form of a launcher icon. Corrupt Lord (Intro Mix) (The Daimyo’s Story) (0:40)ġ8. The Paint the Town Red OST was composed by Jeff van Dyck. When checking the offers for Paint the Town Red, make sure that the key is activated through the DRM of your choice. Corrupt Lord1W (The Daimyo’s Story) (1:37)ġ1. Black Knights – Paint The Town Red (2:06)ġ0. Afro Samurai Idea 25 V2 0W (Brother Six Boss Fight) (1:09)Ġ9. A UCTION M ARKETING P OST A NALYSIS : T ANGLEWOOD C OUNTRY C LUB. Afro Samurai Idea 5 V2 0W (The Lowdown East Pass) (1:02)Ġ7. Paint the Town Red Soundtrack 9.99 9.99 Add all DLC to Cart. Wasteland 3: Cult of the Holy Detonation Chants & Incantations Songs List Afro Samurai: The Game SoundTrack Songs ListĠ3. Afro Samurai: The Game Soundtrack list In this video game adaption of the popular anime, you gain control over the emotionless Afro Samurai as he kills. Afro Samurai: The Game Soundtrack list – In this video game adaption of the popular anime, you gain control over the emotionless Afro Samurai as he kills various cyborgs, assassins, and ninjas to become Number 1. ![]() (If you study the wreck, it will mention "a strange island far down south from here…" although you don't have to see this message to proceed.)įrom the wreck, head directly south. Continue southwest and you'll reach the wreck. If you go to the Catpital (where the King lives) and head southwest, you'll soon run into the small village of Mewtown. Head to the area where the game first began, your half-sunken ship off the coast of Felingard. This can be done at any point after the water-walking quest, but is best done right away so you have access to the golden treasure chests as early in the game as possible. ![]() Once you can walk on water, you can access the side quest that will award you the master key. Turn it in to the governor on the pier so you have no side quest active. You'll learn how to walk on water mid-quest and can then freely run around while the quest is still active. Note: be sure you turn in part IV of the quest before moving on to the step below. Once you've finished all four of these missions and have learned the water-walking ability, you're ready for the next step. The recommended level for the first Pawt City quest-"I. Otherwise, this quest opens up after you've defeated the second of Drakoth's dragons: you'll be told that fighting the next dragon will require the ability to walk on water and someone in Pawt City may have this knowledge. If you're already past this point, feel free to jump to the next bolded section below. The first thing you'll need to do is reach the Pawt City questline and complete the series of main story missions there. We've outlined the steps below: there are minor spoilers for the main story, but most players who are level 25+ will probably be at this point or beyond. To earn this master key, you'll need to reach a specific point in the main storyline and then complete an additional side quest. Once you have this key in your possession, walking up to one of these chests will display the same magnifying glass icon and tap-to-open option of any other chest in the game without any other requirements. There is a single master key that allows access to all of these chests and is the only way to unlock them. Walking up to these chests results in a large red key icon appearing over them, and they are unable to be opened. While there are plenty of dungeons to explore and rewards to uncover, you may have noticed larger, gold-trimmed treasure chests in many of the ruins and caves along your travels. Along the way, he'll help out a few cat peasants, slay a few monsters, and collect tons of loot. Cat Quest is an engaging and adorable action RPG starring a feline Dragonblood on a mission to save his catnapped sister. ![]() Read more about who's who in the flying car race right here. Originally created with 3ds Max 2014, Vray version 3.00.03 Model is ready to Render (.max files include materials, lights, camera) Scene objects are organized by layers / groups Model is scaled to real-world size. Story references: Lazzarini Design via AutomobileMag Hover car concept 3 Model for TurboSmooth. But it's one that allows us to fantasize about a flying car future, and that's fine with us. However, it can only seat two passengers.Īs you can imagine, the Hover Coupe is just a design exercise. VIEW MORE NOW Yanko Design - Form Beyond Function. ![]() The contraption measures 4,500 mm (177 in) in length, making it similar to a compact sedan in that respect. ARMORTRUCK concept was designed it looks like the kind of vehicle that could survive any sort of problem you throw at it. To make it stable while flying, Lazzarini has also fitted it with adjustable flaps below the chassis. The Hover Coupe turns left and right by releasing the available air inside the turbines. The position of the jet engines would also give it drone-like maneuverability, something you'd need in a crowded city skyline full of flying cars. Lazzarini claims these jets could hypothetically allow the Hover Coupe to reach speeds exceeding 550 mph (342 mph). They are mounted on an extremely light carbon body structure. That's because the designer used the classic Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8 from the early 1920s as inspiration for the Hover Coupe - thus allowing us to say it's the first retro-styled flying car.Īs the name suggests, it uses hover power to lift off the ground - more specifically, four small turbine engines located in the four corners of the vehicle. Surprisingly for a car that flies (thus symbolizing the future), it doesn't look too futuristic. The Hover Coupe is the brainchild of Pierpaolo Lazzarini, head of Rome-based Lazzarini Design Studio The concept car is based on the Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8, an Italian luxury car manufactured. At the Beijing Auto Show, Volkswagen unveiled the Hover Car concept vehicle, a wheel-less pod that uses electromagnetic levitation to float just above the. The folks from Lazzarini Design did just that and came up with a flying car concept called Hover Coupe. However, that doesn't mean we can't imagine the perfect flying car that would not only get us in time to our destination but also make us look cool in the process. There have been (and still are) many flying car projects, but none of them has made it to stores yet. The first time people started fantasizing about flying cars was probably when the first ever traffic jam happened.įast forward more than one hundred years, and there are no flying cars in sight, even though traffic jams have become the norm rather than the exception. Have a look through our photo gallery for more images of the Volkswagen Aqua in all its computer-generated glory.It’s inspired by the Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8 luxury car of the early 1920s "I hope Aqua will become an affordable supercar that is available to the general public one day." "There is no better form of transport than an air cushion vehicle because it travels equally well over land, ice and water," commented Ms Yuhan. That's not very quick in comparison to an ordinary road car, but we imagine achieving this sort of speed when hurtling across a swamp would be exhilarating to say the least. Power is supplied to the electric motors by an eco-friendly hydrogen fuel cell, which delivers enough grunt to help the Aqua achieve a top speed of 100kmh (62mph). It's powered by a pair of electric motors - one for inflating the vehicle's hovercraft-style skirt and another that drives a set of high-powered propulsion fans. Sadly, nobody's actually built the Volkswagen Aqua as yet (these fancy pictures are computer-generated), but its design is based on technology that exists in the real world today. Along with traffic-filled cities, the country's geography also consists of expansive deserts, mountain ranges, subtropical areas and bodies of water that should, in theory, be accessible in the hovercraft-inspired Aqua. The bonkers Volkswagen Aqua is designed to tackle China's hugely varied terrain. The Volkswagen Aqua was penned by 21-year-old female designer Zhang Yuhan as part of a VW-sponsored competition to fashion the ultimate off road vehicle for China, according to the Daily Mail. A concept car capable of crossing any terrain on the planet has dreamed up by Chinese graduate. ![]() By this means Thomson measured the ratio of the charge to the mass of the "rays,” and established that they were particles, much lighter, and presumably much smaller, than atoms. The one with the greatest import, both for his research and for experimental techniques in the emergent field of atomic physics, effected the deflection of the cathode rays by electric and magnetic fields simultaneously. Thomson devised many discharge tubes in his study of cathode rays. Thomson, Director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, produced convincing evidence that cathode rays were universal sub-atomic constituents of matter, of identical mass and electric charge. (See object ID EM.N-08517, Discovery of electron display apparatus with cathode ray discharge tube.)īetween 18 J. Philip Lenard, working in Germany, greatly intensified the physicists' interest in these "cathode rays" by bringing them out of the discharge tube through a hole sealed with metal foil. The discovery of electron led by sir J.J Thomson through cathode ray tube experiment is one of the most well received experiment in physics. In his experiment, he placed two plates of opposite charges near the cathode rays. Thomson began experimenting with cathode ray discharge tubes and studied the properties of the cathode ray. In the early 1890s attention focused upon the rays which, at the highest evacuations, stream out from the negative pole (cathode) of the discharge tube and produce a fluorescent glow of its glass walls. In 1897, Joseph John Thomson, a British physicist proved that atoms are not the fundamental unit of matter. Thomson ( Cambridge Eng- tion of cathode rays. (See object ID EM.N-08253, Geissler tube demonstration apparatus.) that Lenar rays are simply a secondary propagaCathode Rays.-J. The development of theory and experimental technique raised expectations of insight from this quarter into the structure of the atom and the connection between matter and electricity. In the second half of the nineteenth century the phenomena accompanying the discharge of electricity through highly rarified gases received increasing attention from physicists. Thomson - the Centenary of His Discovery of the Electron and his invention of Mass Spectrometry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol.11, 2-16 (1997). Thomson, the Cavendish Laboratory, and Thompson's cathode ray tube and positive ray apparatus, see J.J. Used to determine the ratio of charge to mass (q/m) of the electron. External magnetic field can be applied to balance electric deflection. Metal plates can have electric field applied across them. ![]() Rays from cathode in cylinder pass through 2 metal slots and between 2 metal plates onto glass ball. Four shorter glass tubes with internal wires extend perpendicularly from the cylinderical body (see 1st object on left in accompanying image). This object consists of a glass cylindrical body with a larger diameter glass ball at one end. Object ID EM.N-08013-A overall length 30.5 cm, glass ball diam. Thomson's cathode ray tube #2, replica of Cavendish Lab apparatus. Everett who helped to greatly increase Thomson's experimental range.J.J. About 1894 he acquired an excellent glassblower named E. He was very fumble fingered and had a tendancy to break things. Incidently, Thomson was a very unhandy person. The amount the cathode ray bent from the straight line using either the electric field or the magnetic field allowed Thomson to calculate the e/m ratio. Cathode rays move opposite to anode rays. Later it was found that anode rays and Cathode rays both exist at the same time. Rutherford model could not explain stability of atom because electron will. JJ Thomson did an experiment with discharge tube using hydrogen gas. This allowed him to use either electrical or magnetic or a combination of both to cause the cathode ray to bend. Thomson discovered electron with the help of cathode ray experiment. Thomson also could use magnets, which were placed on either side of the straight portion of the tube just to the right of the electrical plates. Thompson, conducted the cathode ray tube experiment to prove that rays emitted from an electron gun are inseparable from. ![]() The two plates about midway in the CRT were connected to a powerful electric battery thereby creating a strong electrical field through which the cathode rays passed. The long glass finger (in the photo) projecting downward from the right-hand globe is where the entire tube was evacuated down to as good as a vacuum as could be produced, then sealed. Thomson in 1897 announcing the discovery of the electron. Th diagram below appeared in an article by J.J. It is about one meter in length and was made entirely by hand. ![]() The image below of a CRT used by Thomson in his experiments. Only the end of the CRT can be seen to the right-hand side of the picture. Thomson and a cathode ray tube from around 1897, the year he announced the discovery of the electron. Thomson used results from cathode ray tube (commonly abbreviated CRT) experiments to discover the electron. ![]() Everyone in the family will adore all the amenities included, including inclusive resorts with spas and spa treatments, high-end dining, free wi-fi, swimming pools, lavish rooms and guest rooms, fitness center, water aerobics, nightly entertainment, daily activities and the all the snacks, premium spirits, cocktails or glasses of wine you can enjoy. You’ll love the included breakfast, lunch and dinner at one of the various restaurants right on the hotel property during your entire stay. ![]() Drinks, from soft drinks for the kids to alcoholic beverages for the adults are at the tips of your fingers all day. You never need to leave your hotel because everything is included. You can enjoy both the Pacific coast or Caribbean coast in luxury and every volcano or cloud forest in-between. Or perhaps you prefer the serenity of an adults-only resort? Welcome to your all-inclusive vacation in Costa Rica! All-inclusive resorts are a great place to spend your Costa Rica vacation. ![]() Or maybe you are lounging on a white sand beach just feet away from your beach front hotel room while the kids are out of your hair enjoying the all-inclusive kids’ club and unlimited snacks. Picture this: you are sunbathing next to a luxurious swimming pool and jacuzzi at one of Costa Rica’s finest high-end all-inclusive resorts, sipping a cocktail after a relaxing morning at the spa and a lunch of fresh seafood and step right onto the beach from your oceanfront resort. White bar indicates lights-on and dark bar and gray highlight indicate lights-off. (A) Bar diagram indicating general activity over a 48 hour period of adult flies maintained on a 12:12 hour light:dark cycle. The DAMS system was used to monitor locomotion and sleep/wake behaviour over a 48 hour period. (C-E: n = 30–60 males per strain * P < 0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P < 0.005 compared with controls, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons) In all graphs error bars = SEM.Įts96B regulates activity and sleep/wake behaviour. Only Ets96B RNAi1 was used for this assay. (E) The DAMS system was used to monitor locomotion prior to and after sound stimulation (65–70 dB). (D) The DAMS system was used to monitor locomotion prior to and after light stimulation. (C) The DAMS system was used to monitor locomotion for the first four hours flies were placed in the system. ![]() (A, B: n = 50 males per strain ** P<0.01 compared with controls, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons). (A) Ets96B knocked down throughout development using UAS- Ets96B RNAi1 or UAS- Ets96B RNAi2 crossed to the pan-neuronal driver elav-GAL4 (B) Ets96B knocked down only in adults using UAS- Ets96B RNAi1 crossed to the pan-neuronal driver and temperature sensitive allele of the GAL4 inhibitor GAL80 elav-GAL4, tub-Gal80 ts. (A, B) Startle-response test demonstrating Ets96B knockdown males have a hyperactive startle-response. Error bars = SEM.Įts96B knockdown during development induces a heightened startle-response. (D, E: n = 30 males per treatment, assay was repeated at least 10 times for each genotype, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons). The (D) elav-Gal4 driver was used to express Ets96B RNAi ( Ets96B RNAi1 or Ets96B RNAi2 ) throughout development (UAS- Ets96B RNAi1 and UAS- Ets96B RNAi2) and (E) the elav-GAL4, tub-GAL80 ts driver was used to knockdown Ets96B ( Ets96B RNAi1 or Ets96B RNAi2 ) in adult males. Flies fed ad lib were set as 100%, represented by 1 on the graphs (B, C: n = 10 replicates, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons) (D, E) Triglyceride levels were determined in male flies at 0, 12 and 24 hours of starvation. (C) To examine how nutritional state affects the expression levels of Ets96B, RNA was extracted under different nutritional states. ![]() (n = 30–60 flies per genotype, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons) (B) To examine how starvation affects the expression level of Ets96B, RNA was extracted from normal fed flies, as well as after 24 and 48 h of starvation. 5–7 day old control and Ets96B knockdown males (GAL4 driver crossed to either Ets96B RNAi1 or Ets96B RNAi2) were placed in a vial containing 1% agarose and maintained at 25☌. (A) We tested the effect of Ets96B-knockdown in flies using the starvation survival assay. Drosophila homologues that were up-regulated when Ets96B was knocked down are in red, and those that were up-regulated more than 2.5-fold are underlined. These include molecular chaperones that function to prevent aggregation (Bip, HSP90B1, DNAJC3, HYOU1 and CALR), protein disulfide isomerases that catalyze disulfide bond formation, isomerization and reduction (PDIA3, PDIA3 and P4HB), and proteins involved in de- or re-glycosylation of improperly folded glycoproteins (PRKCSH and UGGT1). ![]() (E) Diagram depicting molecules involved in endoplasmic reticulum protein folding. Genes in red were recovered in the Ets96B SOLiD sequencing. (D) Data showing human homologues of Drosophila genes recovered in Biogrid and String analysis. ![]() (C) Biogrid and String were used to find all genes that interact with the molecular chaperone genes recovered in the Ets96B knockdown males. (n = 25 males per treatment *** P<0.005 compared with elav-GAL4 controls, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons). This assay was repeated at least 7 times. (B) Relative expression levels of CaBP1, ERp60 and Crc in 5–7 day old control males or males where Ets96B was knocked down in the entire nervous system throughout development. Only genes regulated more than ±log2 2.5-fold change are included. Ets96B RNAi versus controls ( w, elav-GAL4> w 1118 and w 1118> Ets96B RNAi) 5–7 day old male heads. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |